The Limitations Of William Faulkner - 993 Words

Howe, Irving. The Limitations of A Rose for Emily. William Faulkner: A Critical Study. ed. William Faulkner, Bloom s Literature, 2007. Web. 21 Nov. 2015 One of the most famous stories from William Faulkner, an American writer, was â€Å"A rose for Emily† and which requires some understanding. It is about a relation between South and North, with Miss. Emily representing the decadent South and Homer Barron the rapacious North. Faulkner made the story so glaring and pointed in its effects and solicit a stringent line of interpretation. The title of the story can say a lot about the purpose, but once reading through the story, it can justified the theme of the story. Faulkner’s type of writing catches people attention and keeps them reading to the end of the story. The claim that the author is trying to persuade on this argument is completely true because Faulkner made a good job writing the story with atmospheric detail. When I read the story, it can easily catch my attention because of the way he wrote it. Also, The Climax of the story justified the theme of the story. â€Å"one s sense of the story s limitations can be summed up by saying that finally it calls our attention not to its represented material but to the canny skill with which Faulkner manipulates it.†( Howe 1). â€Å"Notable for its control of atmospheric detail, the story is a tour de force, and for all its undeniable detail, too cunningly a tour de force.† (Howe 1) Kurtz, Elizabeth Carney. Faulkner s A Rose forShow MoreRelated As I Lay Dying1 Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesAs I Lay Dying1 William Faulkner uses language in a unique way in his novel As I Lay Dying. Language is a form of expression to show thoughts and emotions. Faulkner uses it to convey the individual characters’ thoughts and feelings. He also uses it to draw a line between language and true expression. He shows the limitations of language and the difference between language and words. As I Lay Dying covers the story of a family as they journey to bury the mother, Addie, in her hometownRead MoreEssay on Oh Who Will Protect Poor Emily?1027 Words   |  5 Pagesactions were constantly under watch to see if a woman was honorable and worthy of protection or not. Within the story, there are many instances in which this is shown. Faulkner also shows the reader a gender split between the men and women and how they felt towards Emily. In the book Literature by Edgar V Roberts, Faulkner begins the story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† with an extremely long sentence which shows the communities reaction to death and immediately displays a scene through gender differences: Read MoreFeminism In A Rose For Emily1379 Words   |  6 PagesEtini Samuel Udoko ENGL 102 – 007 Hatley October 24, 2017 Simply Complexed Women From the beginning women were thought of as being inferior to men, especially when it comes to literature. However, William Faulkner was of the belief that women were the foundation of the family, but also depicted women being as a lesser, more gullible, and small-minded person to the fellow man. Faulkner’s stories focus on the main themes and timeless moral issues of the time such as sexism, social class, and racismRead More Crossing the Line in Faulkners Barn Burning Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesalways striven to provide an insight into human nature through a study of opposing forces.   Often, simply by looking at the binary operations found in any given text, the texts meanings, both hidden and apparent, can become surprising clear.   In William Faulkners famous short story Barn Burning, innate binary operations, especially those of the poor versus the rich and the society versus the outsider, allow the reader to gather a new and more acute understanding of the text .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   TheRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1682 Words   |  7 PagesLyons Professor Amy Green Writing about Literature COM1102 Oct. 06, 2015 William Faulkner s A Rose for Emily is a short story that has also been adapted into a short film; both have been largely debated. Faulkner’s lack of a normal chronology and situation-triggered memories generates a story that has many understandings among its readers, but surprises everyone at the end. When asked about the title of his story, Faulkner said, [The title] was an allegorical title; the meaning was, here was aRead More Comparison of Kate Chopins Story of an Hour and William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1437 Words   |  6 PagesNapoleonic Code stated that women were controlled by their husbands and cannot freely do their own will without the authority of their husband. This paper shows how this is evident in the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. In both stories, the use of literary elements such as foreshadowing, symbolism, and significant meaning of the titles are essential in bringing the reader to an unexpected and ironic c onclusion. The background of both authors, which wasRead More Quentins Passion and Desire in The Sound and the Fury Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesmemories and past feelings. After a little girl follows him for miles around town, his own sexuality reaches the forefront of his consciousness and transforms itself into disjointed memories of his sister Caddy. Quentins constant obsession in William Faulkners The Sound and the Fury, surrounds a defining sexual act with his sister. Though the physical act never appears in plain language, Quentins apparent lapse into an inner monologue demonstrates his overwhelming fixation with Caddy asRead MoreComparison Essay Between Story of an Hour and Rose for Emily1407 Words   |  6 PagesNapoleonic Code stated that women were controlled by their husbands and cannot freely do their own will without the authority of their husband. This paper shows how this is evident in the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. In both stories, the use of literary elements such as foreshadowing, symbolism, and significant meaning of the titles are essential in bringing the reader to an unexpected and ironic conclusion. The background of both authors, which was fromRead MoreThe Female Role in A Rose for Emily, Miss Brill, and The Storm1160 Words   |  5 Pagesin works like William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Katherine Mansfields â€Å"Miss Brill,† and Kate Chopins â€Å"The Storm,† the female protagonists are examples of how society has oppressive expectations of women simply because of their gender. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† by William Faulkner, the story starts out with a distinctive split between the motivations of men and women: â€Å"The men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity† (Faulkner 121). At theRead MoreEmily s Motives Murdering Homer : Mental Illness And Pride1198 Words   |  5 PagesReader’s Draft 4 August 2015 Emily’s Motivations Murdering Homer: Mental Illness and Pride â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is one of the Faulkner s works which is highly read and praised by readers. One one level, it is a ghost story, as Faulkner once called it, but on another it is a portrayal of the tensions between the North and South and within the South, as the aristocracy and limitations on women began to crumble. â€Å"A Rose for Emily can be accepted as a narrative astory. The narrator, who is very familiar

The Issue Of Business Ethics Essay - 1359 Words

An oxymoron acts as a form of figurative language that grasps the attention of the reader and puts emphasis on two or more words. In the context of everyday life we hear some â€Å"normal† oxymorons such as â€Å"jumbo shrimp, passive aggressive, awfully good, The Great Depression,† and of course, â€Å"business ethics.† In terms of â€Å"business ethics,† the common misconception still remains that the word, â€Å"business† and the word, â€Å"ethics† should never be adjacent. Primarily, I find this misconception offensive, but also blatantly incorrect. As a rising business employee, I look forward to continually proving this â€Å"oxymoron† incorrect by utilizing the skills I learn to further both my knowledge and the knowledge of the world. Similar to the ideals of companies like the Container Store, Starbucks, and Whole Foods, more companies continually turn to â€Å"conscious capitalism† in order to better our world. Throug hout my short time at BC, I have found that the term â€Å"business ethics† remains plausible in this world and I look to enter my career with a focus on business ethics. After furthering my knowledge through articles, excerpts from books, and videos, I have found that the â€Å"myth of business ethics† is blatantly false and due to media bias and the misconception of capitalism, average Americans have built a form of disgrace towards businessmen and women in today’s society. â€Å"Trust in the news media is being eroded by perceptions of inaccuracy and bias, fueled in part by Americans’ skepticismShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics And The Ethical Issues1461 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics and the ethical issues in marketing Moral principles that guide the way a business behaves are known as business ethics. However this term has a broader definition. As the word ethics can pose many definitions in a broad context and it can be challenging to find a common understanding of the term, hence, most companies denote the concept of the term ethics as responsible business conduct, business practices or integrity. Business ethics offers a tool for conducting business more effectivelyRead MoreEthical Issues Of Business Ethics1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe word ‘Ethics’ is derived from the Greek word ‘ethos’ (character) and Latin word ‘moras’ (customs) (Senaratne, 2011). Ethics is usually based around a decision one makes to help us identify what is good and what is bad as well as guiding us on doing well and avoiding the bad. What’s more, ethics are like a code of conduct asserting moral guidelines, prevailing good behaviour. It’s also about relationships and how we treat others. There are many underlying ethical issues arising for instance,Read MoreEssay on Emerging Business Ethics Issues914 Words   |  4 PagesStakeholders play a major role in the business arena, they are charged with the responsibility of ensuring their organization is a safe environment not only for themselves but for their employees. In a seemingly competitive and morally flawed world, business people and entrepreneurs are often presented with grave ethical challenges. For this reason their personal values and beliefs play a pivotal role in the success of the organization. When concealing doubts about the ethics of others, more than a few tendRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues843 Words   |  4 Pages Business ethics is very important. Business ethics examines the moral and ethical issues that arise in a business enviroment. Ethical communication on the other hand allows the business to be honest with the customer. A business should not withhol d information in order to sell a product. A great article that discusses ethical communication is About Ethical Communication in Business by Scott Thompson. This article discusses the advantages of ethics, honest communication, code of ethics, aspectsRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1737 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Business ethics often encompasses many concerns such social responsibility, sustainability, labour practices and environmental development. Business ethics as a concept fundamentally applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the behavior of individuals and entire organizations. Desjardins (2011) suggests that business ethics is the study of business from an ethical viewpointRead MoreEthics, Negligence, and Environmental Issues in Business1685 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Ethics in Business 1. Discuss the ethical, negligence, and environmental issues you see in this case. BP’s negligence resulted in severe repercussions for the company, employees, and the environment. After being advised on multiple occasions of the issues concerning maintenance of pipelines, BP’s behavior in the issue of the Prudhoe Bay pipeline can be seen as unethical because it did not meet its social responsibilities/obligations to the community or its employees. Ignoring these obligationsRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethical And Ethical Issues1360 Words   |  6 Pages INTRODUCTION: Business ethics can be defined as the set of moral values and codes or standards of conduct in an organization. According to Wikipedia – â€Å"Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.† The particulars and specifics of theRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Law : Legal And Ethical Issues1213 Words   |  5 PagesLegal and Ethical Issues in Business Business ethics and law are fundamental principles that guide the way businesses operate. Business ethics are decided and formed by each company and differ from one company to another. They are the core values that business owners, managers, and employees use to conduct their daily operations. Acting in an ethical way consists of distinguishing between right and wrong and choosing what is right. Business law is all rules and regulations that all businesses shouldRead MoreEthical And Ethical Issues Of Business Ethics1612 Words   |  7 Pagesattitudes filter down to employees. Ferrell et al. (2015) states, â€Å"the more employees perceive an organization’s ethical culture to be the less likely they are to make unethical decisions† (p.134). Business ethics is not only about knowing what is right and wrong, or doing the right thing, ethics involves acting with responsibility, being objective when making decisions, putting honesty in all relationships, and maintaining e mployees’ fairness. According to Hughes, Ginnet, and Curpy (2012), â€Å"conflictRead MoreBusiness Ethics : A Stakeholder And Issues Management Approach925 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscouraged or even punished when the image of the whistle blower is seen as â€Å"disloyal† to the organization posing risk of normalizing wrongdoing and ultimately derive the public interest.† (Ashforth Anand, 2003) In the book, Business Ethics: A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach states a common opinion, â€Å"Whistle blowing goes against strong U.S. cultural norms of showing loyally toward an employer and colleagues and avoiding the â€Å"snitch† label. However strong cultural norms regarding fairness

Electronic Voting Machine Free Essays

string(33) " screw driver or a similar tool\." Project Outline In general the EVM consists of two units that can be inter linked. A ballot unit, which a voter uses to exercise his vote. And the other, a control unit used by the polling officials. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Voting Machine or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the EVM prepared by us is totally automated. MCU is acting as the Polling Officer in this EVM. Ballot Unit It consists of a 16Ãâ€"2 LCD and IR LEDs. LCD displays the name of the post and candidate for which voting is going on IR LEDs are used as touch switches. For anything which you have to select, put your figure just above the option where it is being displayed on the LCD. Control Unit It consists of a MCU and a 7 keys keypad. MCU stores the program, run it and also stores the data given by voters. We have made keypad, which can be used to input the name of Posts and the Candidates. By using this we will not have to program the machine each time before any election. One can enter the name of posts and candidates just before the election. This can also prevent programming the EVM to favour any particular candidate. 1. 1 The Electronic Voting Mach ine – An Electronic Marvel. Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) retains all the characteristics of voting by ballot papers, while making polling a lot more expedient. Being fast and absolutely reliable, the EVM saves considerable time, money and manpower. And, of course, helps maintain total voting secrecy without the use of ballot papers. The EVM is 100 per cent tamper proof. And, at the end of the polling, just press a button and there you have the results. 1. 2Description: Electronic voting machine has now days become an effective tool for voting. It ensures flawless voting and thus has become more widespread. It ensures people about their vote being secured. It avoids any kind of malpractice and invalid votes. Also such kind of system becomes more economical as consequent expenditure incurred on manpower is saved. It is also convenient on the part of voter, as he has to just press one key whichever belongsto his candidates. Voting machinesare the total combination ofmechanical,electromechanical, or electronic equipment (includingsoftware,firmware, and documentation required to program control, and supportequipment), that is used to define ballots; to cast and count votes; to report or display election results; and to maintain and produce any audit trail information. The first voting machines were mechanical but it is increasingly more common to use electronic voting machines. A voting system includes the practices and associated documentation used to identify system components and versions of such components; to test the system during its development and maintenance; to maintain records of system errors or defects; to determine specific changes made after initial certification; and to make available any materials to the voter (such as notices, instructions, forms, or paper ballots). Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by the mechanism the system uses to cast votes and further categorized by the location where the system tabulates the votes. Voting machines have different levels of usability, security,efficiency and accuracy. Certain systems may be more or less accessible to all voters, or not accessible to those voters with certain types of disabilities. They can also have an effect on the public’s ability to oversee elections. SUMMARY Electronic voting machine has now replaced the traditional mechanism of voting due to several advantages like security, automatic counting etc. This project presents a way to develop an electronic voting machine which displays the count of votes on a 16Ãâ€"2 LCD interface. A user can get his/her vote register through a set of switches (one for each candidate). After every cast of vote, the subsequent count can be seen on LCD. The circuit uses AT89C51 microcontroller and the code for the project has been written in C. DESCRIPTION This LCD based electronic voting machine is designed for four candidates. The input part consists of a set of six tactile switches. The switches and 16Ãâ€"2 LCD are interfaced to microcontroller AT89C51 for various operations and displays. The provision of casting votes for the candidates has been provided through four of these switches. These switches are made active high and connected to pins 2-5 (P1^1 – P1^4) of the controller. The remaining two switches (both active low) are to start and stop the voting procedure. They are connected to pins 1 and 6 (P1^0 and P1^5) respectively. The Init (start) switch initializes the voting system when pressed, while the Stop switch ends the voting and displays the poll results on LCD screen. For more details on working with LCD, refer LCD interfacing with 8051. The data pins of the LCD (pins 7-14) are connected to the output port P2 of the microcontroller. The control pins (RS, R/W and EN) are connected to port P3 pins P3^0, P3^1 ; P3^6 respectively. Working: The voting is started by pressing the Init switch after which the user is prompted to vote. The count of votes is stored in four different variables. As soon as the user votes for a candidate by pressing one of the switches, the value of the corresponding variable is increased by one. After this a Thank you message is displayed on LCD to acknowledge the registration of user’s vote. The message stays on the screen until the next user either presses the Init button to cast another vote or Stop switch is pressed get the poll results. When the stop button is pressed, the names of the candidates are displayed along with their vote counts. After some delay, the result is displayed which could be either declaration of the winner candidate or the candidates with a clash of their number of votes. PRESET | | A preset is a three legged electronic component which can be made to offer varying resistance in a circuit. The resistance is varied by adjusting the rotary control over it. The adjustment can be done by using a small screw driver or a similar tool. You read "Electronic Voting Machine" in category "Papers" The resistance does not vary linearly but rather varies in exponential or logarithmic manner. Such variable resistors are commonly used for adjusting sensitivity along with a sensor. The variable resistance is obtained across the single terminal at front and one of the two other terminals. The two legs at back offer fixed resistance which is divided by the front leg. So whenever only the back terminals are used, a preset acts as a fixed resistor. Presets are specified by their fixed value resistance. | | AT89C51 MCAT89C51 is an 8-bit microcontroller and belongs to Atmel’s 8051 family. ATMEL 89C51 has 4KB of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM) and 128 bytes of RAM. It can be erased and program to a maximum of 1000 times. In 40 pin AT89C51, there are four ports designated as P1, P2, P3 and P0. All these ports are 8-bit bi-directional ports, i. e. , they can be used as both input and output ports. Except P0 which needs external pull-ups, rest of the ports have internal pull-ups. When 1s are written to these port pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. These ports are also bit addressable and so their bits can also be accessed individually. Port P0 and P2 are also used to provide low byte and high byte addresses, respectively, when connected to an external memory. Port 3 has multiplexed pins for special functions like serial communication, hardware interrupts, timer inputs and read/write operation from external memory. AT89C51 has an inbuilt UART for serial communication. It can be programmed to operate at different baud rates. Including two timers hardware interrupts, it has a total of six interrupts. Pin Diagram:  Pin Description:     Pin No|   Function|   Name| 1| 8 bit input/output port (P1) pins| P1. 0| 2| | P1. 1| 3| | P1. 2| 4| | P1. 3| 5| | P1. 4| 6| | P1. 5| 7| | P1. 6| 8| | P1. 7| 9| Reset pin; Active high| Reset| 10| Input (receiver) for serial communication| RxD| 8 bit input/output port (P3) pins| P3. 0| 11| Output (transmitter) for serial communication| TxD| | P3. 1| 12| External interrupt 1| Int0| | P3. 2| 3| External interrupt 2| Int1| | P3. 3| 14| Timer1 external input| T0| | P3. 4| 15| Timer2 external input| T1| | P3. 5| 16| Write to external data memory| Write| | P3. 6| 17| Read from external data memory| Read| | P3. 7| 18| Quartz crystal oscillator (up to 24 MHz)| Crystal 2| 19| | Crystal 1| 20| Ground (0V)| Ground| 21| 8 bit input/output port (P2) pins/High-order address bits when interfacing with external memory  |   P2. 0/ A8| 22| |   P2. 1/ A9| 23| |   P2. 2/ A10| 24| |   P2. 3/ A11| 25| |   P2. 4/ A12| 26| |   P2. 5/ A13| 27| |   P2. 6/ A14| 28| |   P2. 7/ A15| 9| Program store enable;  Read from external program memory| PSEN| 30| Address Latch Enable | ALE| | Program pulse input during Flash programming| Prog| 31| External Access Enable;   Vcc for internal program executions| EA| | Programming enable voltage; 12V (during Flash programming)| Vpp| 32| 8 bit input/output port (P0) pins  Low-order address bits when interfacing with external memory  |   P0. 7/ AD7| 33| |   P0. 6/ AD6| 34| |   P0. 5/ AD5| 35| |   P0. 4/ AD4| 36| |   P0. 3/ AD3| 37| |   P0. 2/ AD2| 38| |   P0. 1/ AD1| 39| |   P0. 0/ AD0| 40| Supply voltage; 5V (up to 6. V)| Vcc| | | LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16Ãâ€"2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. The se modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on. A 16Ãâ€"2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5Ãâ€"7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD. Click to learn more about internal structure of a LCD. Pin Diagram:  Pin Description:     Pin No|   Function|   Name| 1| Ground (0V)| Ground| 2| Supply voltage; 5V (4. 7V – 5. 3V)|   Vcc| 3| Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor|   VEE| 4| Selects command register when low; and data register when high| Register Select| 5| Low to write to the register; High to read from the register| Read/write| 6| Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given| Enable| 7| 8-bit data pins| DB0| 8| | DB1| 9| | DB2| 10| | DB3| 11| | DB4| 12| | DB5| 13| | DB6| 14| | DB7| 15| Backlight VCC (5V)| Led+| 6| Backlight Ground (0V)| Led-| | | APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES Fast track voting which could be used in small scale elections, like resident welfare association, panchayat level election and other society level elections. It could also be used to conduct opinion polls during annual share holders meeting. It could also be used to conduct general assembly elections where number of candidates are less than or equal to eight in the current situation. It could be used at places where there is no electricity as the thing is operational with the help of a simple 5 volt battery. It could well become a fine example of using environment friendly resources as there is no need for having lakhs of ballot papers as was used in older system of voting. It involves very less time for a voter to actually cast its vote unlike conventional method where it becomes very cumbersome to handle ballot papers. It is more fast and reliable. FUTURE SCOPE Number of candidates could be increased by using other microcontroller or an 8255 IC. It could be interfaced with printer to get the hard copy of the result almost instantly from the machine itself. It could also be interfaced with the personal computer and result could be stored in the central server and its backup could be taken on the other backend servers. Again, once the result is on the server it could be relayed on the network to various offices of the election conducting authority. Thus our project could make the result available any corner of the world in a matter of seconds In days of using nonpolluting and environment friendly resources of energy,it could pose a very good example. REFRENCES AND BIBLOGRAPHY 1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi , Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay. Second edition, THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM 2. K. J. Ayala. Third edition, The 8051 MICROCONTROLLER 3. Millman Halkias. INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS. 4. http://www. wikipedia. com 5. http://www. 8051microcontrollerprojects. com 6. www. datasheet4u. com 7. www. rickeya„? sworld. com Reference: http://seminarprojects. com/Thread-electronic-voting-machine-project-full-report#ixzz2RD8Xd1cO How to cite Electronic Voting Machine, Papers Electronic Voting Machine Free Essays string(57) " voter is allowed to change or con\? rm their selection\." International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, March 2013 A Preview on Microcontroller Based Electronic Voting Machine Diponkar Paul and Sobuj Kumar Ray, Member, IACSIT Abstract—Voting is most pivotal process of democratic society through which people determine it’s government. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Voting Machine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Governments around the world are increasingly considering the replacement of traditional paper-based voting schemes with electronic voting systems. Elections of Bangladesh are conducted most exclusively using electronic voting machines developed over the past three years. In this paper we describe the design, construction and operation of a digital voting machine using a microcontroller profoundly. Again we also portray counting system of votes, market survey and cost analysis. Index Terms—Voting system, atmega16l microcontroller, voting analysis, security of EVM. I. INTRODUCTION Voting is a crucial device to reveal the opinion of a group on an issue that is under consideration. Based on the promise of greater e? iency, better scalability, faster speed, lower cost, and more convenience, voting is currently shifting from manual paper-based processing to automate electronic-based processing. The term â€Å"electronic voting† characteristically depicts to the use of some electronic means in voting and ensure the security, reliability, guarantee and transferency[1],[2]. Now a day the wide range of application of voting include its use in reality student body elections, shareholder meetings, and the passing of legislation in parliament. Perhaps the most important, in? ential, publicised, and widespread use of voting is its use in national elections. Compared to its traditional paper-based counterpart, electronic voting is considered to have many greater potential bene? ts. These bene? ts include better accuracy by eliminating the negative factor of human error, better coverage for remote locations, increased speed for tally computation, lower operational cost through automated means, and the convenience of voting from any location Whether or not electronic voting is a necessary replacement for the traditional paper-based method, it is irrefutable that the conduct of voting as been shifting to the use of electronic medium. To date, electronic databases are used to record voter information, computers are used to count the votes and produce voting results, mobile devices are used for voting in intera ctive television shows, and electronic voting machines have been used in some national elections. Generally, the term â€Å"electronic voting† refers to the de? nition, collection, and dissemination of people’s opinions with the help of some machinery that is more or less computer supported. Despite Manuscript received August 15, 2012; revised October 12, 2012. The authors are with the Department Electrical and Electronic Engineering, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (e-mail: sobuj_kumar_ray@yahoo. com, dipo0001@ntu. edu. sg) the transition from traditional paper-based systems to electronic medium, the purpose and requirements for voting remain. Voting is a decision making mechanism in a consensus-based society and security is indeed an essential part of voting. The critical role in determining the outcome of an election, electronic voting systems should be designed and developed with the greatest care. However, a number of recent studies have shown that most of the electronic voting systems being used today are fatally defective [3], [4], [5] and that their quality does not match the importance of the task that they are supposed to carry out. Flaws in current voting systems, which were discovered through testing and other analysis techniques, have stimulated a number of research efforts to mitigate the problems in deployed voting systems. These efforts focused on ameliorating security primitives, such as the storage of votes [6], [7] and auditing [8], and on formally assessing and making procedures more effective [9], [10]. Finally, the standards that set the functional and performance requirements against which the systems are developed, tested, and operated have often been found to be inadequate [11], [12], [13]. Among the reasons for concern, critics include vague and incomplete security guidelines, insufficient documentation requirements, and inadequate descriptions of the configuration of commercial software. An electronic voting machine has been designed by a microcontroller for which the code is written in assembly language. Various code protection schemes specified by the manufacturer of the microcontroller are used to prevent inadvertent or deliberate reading and reproduction of the code contained in the microcontroller. The election data contained in the EEPROM of the microcontroller can download into a central computer for tabulations. The security of data in this computer is enforced by generating digital signatures for each data file created. This process makes it impossible for anyone to substitute wrong or deliberately altered data files at any intermediate stage between the capturing of voter’s intent by the machine and the final results tabulations. Prior to the election, all con? guration data is set up on the counting server. The con? guration is then transferred to the ballot-box server. Con? guration data include: candidate names, polling station identity, and a list of barcodes. During the voting period, voters are authenticated as per the traditional paper-based voting, and asked whether they wish to vote electronically or use the traditional paper-based method. A voter choosing to use the traditional paper-based method proceeds by being given a ballot paper, casting the vote on the ballot paper, and placing the ballot paper in a ballot-box. On the other hand, a barcode is chosen at random and is given to the voter choosing to use eVACS. Voter authorisation on the electronic voting booth computer is by 185 DOI: 10. 7763/IJIEE. 2013. V3. 295 International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, March 2013 using the barcode. The electronic voting booth computer communicates the barcode to the ballot-box server for validation and to inform that the voting process is initiating. Upon validation of an invalid barcode, the ballot-box server returns an error message to the voting booth computer. Otherwise, the ballot-box server returns the equivalent of a ballot-paper containing the names of candidates to the voting booth computer. The voter may select the candidates in a particular preference ordering, and restart or complete their selection afterwards. The selection is displayed on the screen forcon? rmation, and the voter is allowed to change or con? rm their selection. You read "Electronic Voting Machine" in category "Papers" The voting booth computer returns a warning given invalid selection or informal vote, however casting invalid or informal vote is allowed. The voter con? ms the selection by using the barcode, and both the vote and a log of key sequence pressed are then communicated to the ballot-box server. The ballot-box server checks that the same barcode is used to initiate the server counts the votes, and produces a voting result. II. HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE Fig. 1. Block diagram of digital voting system Fig 2. Circuit diagram of the d igital voting system A. Circuit Description The high level digital voting machine built with ATmega16 Micro controller. The Micro controller port D uses for LCD display and port C. (pin 22) uses for voting power or presiding officers button. The candided button input from Port C. 1 – C. 4 (pin 23 to 26; 4 candided). The output LED and buzzer uses Micro controller port C. 5 and C. 6. The LCD backlight also connected to port C. 7 via a transistor. At the starting of voting the election commission offices setup the machine at the centre. Then power on the switch and sealed it that nobody can power off. The presiding officer identifies the original voter of that particular area and pushes the voting power button. The voting power LED glow then and continue it until once press the candided buttons. The voter then goes to the secret room where Voting unit placed and press button beside his candided symbol. Voter can watch success of voting by glowing confirmation LED and beep indication. The presiding officer can also hear beep sound watch a confirmation LED. Same time the voting power goes down and nobody can vote again. Mainly when presiding officer press voting power button, Micro controller start scanning from pin 23 to pin 26. When get response from a specific pin, increase the counter one of that candided and stop scanning. So it is not possible to voting twice or more. All the counter result store at Micro controller EEPROM. When the voting is under process it will showed at display â€Å"Voting under Process†. At the end of voting we need to know result. Then election commission or presiding officer presses the secret key (password). Now the Micro controller shows the result and supply the power to LCD backlight that it illuminated. If it needs to return voting process again one should press another secret key. There uses a transistor to operate buzzer and confirmation LED with proper current. There also uses a voltage regulator (7805) to supply 5v continuously. Here uses a dry cell 9V battery as power source. The power consumption of the system is very low (50mW150mW varying). After collected data and need erase recorded data from EEPROM just broken the sealed on power button and power off the system. Now the system is ready for next election. This measurement System includes the following components: †¢ Voting Unit †¢ Control Unit †¢ Confirmation Unit †¢ Display Unit (LCD) †¢ Power Supply Unit B. Voting Unit Fig. 3. Output circuit diagram of the digital voting system Fig. 4. Voting 186 International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, March 2013 Fig. 5. Confirmation unit In this Voting unit we have been used five button switch and five 2. 2K? resister which connected to the five button switches. C. Buzzer A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices. These devices are output transducers converting electrical energy. As power is applied this mechanical device will energize and by doing so interrupt the power source and the cycle continue until the power is removed. The frequency of oscillation is strictly dependent on mechanical inertia. The piezo buzzer produces sound based on reverse of the piezoelectric effect. The generation of pressure variation or strain by the application of electric potential across a piezoelectric material is the underlying principle. These buzzers can be used alert a user of an event corresponding to a switching action, counter signal or sensor input. They are also used in alarm circuits. The buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation applied to it. It consists of piezo crystals between two conductors. When a potential is applied across these crystals, they push on one conductor and pull on the other. This, push and pull action, results in a sound wave. Most buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4 kHz. The Red lead is connected to the Input and the Black lead is connected to Ground. D. Light Emitting Diode (LED) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. When a light-emitting diode is forward-biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern. LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, 187 mproved robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (in particular brake lamps, turn signals, and indicators) as wel l as in traffic signals. LEDs have allowed new text, video displays, and sensors to be developed, while their high switching rates are also useful in advanced communications technology. Infrared LEDs are also used in the remote control units of many commercial products including televisions, DVD players, and other domestic appliances E. Controller Unit A control unit in general is a central part of the machinery that controls its operation, provided that a piece of machinery is complex and organized enough to contain any such unit. One domain in which the term is specifically used is the area of computer design. In this work Microcontroller ATMEGA 16L is used as the controller unit which controls the sensed signal. A single highly integrated chip that contains all the components comprising a controller. Typically this includes a CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers. Unlike a general-purpose computer, which also includes all of these components, a microcontroller is designed for a very specific task — to control a particular system. As a result, the parts can be simplified and reduced, which cuts down on production costs. Microcontrollers are sometimes called embedded microcontrollers, which just mean that they are part of an embedded system that is, one part of a larger device or system. F. Power Supply Unit Power supply is a very important part of electronic circuit this circuit required fixed +5 V supply so to fix this voltage we needed voltage regulator. In this work used 7805 Voltage regulator which output fixed +5 volt. A voltage regulator generates a fixed output voltage of a preset magnitude that remains constant regardless of changes to its input voltage or load conditions. There are two types of voltage regulators: linear and switching. A linear regulator employs an active (BJT or MOSFET) pass device (series or shunt) controlled by a high gain differential amplifier. It compares the output voltage with a precise reference voltage and adjusts the pass device to maintain a constant output voltage. G. Display Unit Display device shown the result of the measuring instrument. A observer can see the result and observe the temperature of electrical machine. In this work we used a 2Ãâ€"16 character LCD (LM016L) display. A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. H. Printed Circuit Board A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, March 2013 support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. A PCB populated with electronic components is a printed circuit assembly (PCA), also known as a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA). Printed circuit boards are used in virtually all but the implest commercially produced electronic devices. PCBs are inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. They require much more layout effort and higher initial cost than either wire wrap or point-to-point construction, but are much cheaper and faster for high-volume production; the production and soldering of PCBs can be done by automated equipment. Much of the electronics industry’s PCB design, assembly, and quality control needs are set by standards tha t are published by the IPC organization. Pin descriptions of ATmaga16L Microcontroller VCC: Digital supply voltage. GND: Ground. Port B (PB7†¦ PB0) Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Port B also serves the unction’s of various special features of the ATmega16. Port C (PC7†¦ PC0) Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. If the JTAG interface is enabled, the pull-up resistors on pins PC5 (TDI), PC3 (TMS) and PC2 (TCK) will be activated even if a reset occurs. Port C also serves the functions of the JTAG interface and other special features of the ATmega16. Port D (PD7†¦ PD0) Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Port D also serves the functions of various special features of the ATmega16. Port A (PA7†¦ PA0) Port A serves as the analog inputs to the A/D Converter. Port A also serves as an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port, if the A/D Converter is not used. Port pins can provide internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port A output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. When pins PA0 to PA7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated. The Port A pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. RESET Reset Input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset. AVCC Fig. 6. Printed circuit board (pcb) of this voting system I. Pin Configurations Discription Fig. 7. Pin configuration of Atmega16L microcontroller[14] AVCC is the supply voltage pin for Port A and the A/D Converter. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if 188 International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, March 2013 he ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter AREF AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter. III. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE Flowchart of Program: user. In both of the systems that we analyzed, we found major security vulnerabilities that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the voting process. The results of our study suggest that there is a need for a drastic change in the way in which electronic systems are designed, developed, and tested. Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers need to define novel testing approaches that take into account the peculiar information flow of these systems, as well as the combination of computer security mechanisms and physical procedures necessary to provide a high level of assurance. Electronic voting software is not immune from security concerned. Here we describe Hack-a-vote, a simplified DRE voting system that we initially developed to demonstrate how easy it might be to insert a Trojan horse into a voting system. In case of a discrepancy, there either must be a row with the fresh random number. But without a mark of the voter or the alignment information on the ballot and on the receipt must differ. The proof consists either of a row containing the fresh random number but no mark without revealing which row this is or the proof consists of the two differing alignment bar codes without showing the mark at all. After the publication of the receipts the situation is analogous to the paper based schemes above as the voter possesses a correct receipt as electronic evidence. In addition to using unforgivable receipts with a special paper one can assume a trusted printer containing a chip card this printer could have the chip card and print the signature to the receipt. Having two in dependent ways to proved receipt to be not a forgery is a big advantage. REFERENCES D. Balzarotti, G. Banks, M. Cova, V. Felmetsger, R. A. Kemmerer, W. Robertson, F. Valeur, and G. Vigna, â€Å"An Experience in Testing the Security of Real-World Electronic Voting Systems,† IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 36, no. 4, 2010. [2] A. Villa? orita and K. Weldemariam, and R. Tiella, â€Å"Development, Formal Veri? ation, and Evaluation of an E-Voting System with VVPAT,† IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 4, no. 4, 2009. [3] Y. D. Wagner, M. Bishop, T. Baker, B. D. Medeiros, G. Tyson, M. Shamos, and M. Burmester, â€Å"Software Review and Security Analysis of the ES I Votronic 8. 0. 1. 2 Voting Machine Firmware,† Technica l report, Security and Assurance in Information Technology Laboratory, 2007. [4] T. Kohno, A. Stubblefield, A. Rubin, and D. Wallach, â€Å"Analysis of an Electronic Voting System,† in Proc. of IEEE Symp. Security and Privacy, pp. 27-40, 2004. [5] E. Proebstel, S. Riddle, F. Hsu, J. Cummins, F. Oakley, T. Stanionis, and M. Bishop, â€Å"An Analysis of the Hart Intercivic DAU eSlate,† in Proc. of Usenix/Accurate Electronic Voting Technology Workshop, 2007. [6] D. Molnar, T. Kohno, N. Sastry, and D. Wagner, â€Å"Tamper-Evident, History Independent, Subliminal-Free Data Structures on PROM Storage-or-How to Store Ballots on a Voting Machine (Extended Abstract),† in Proc. of IEEE Symp. Security and Privacy, pp. 365-370, 2006. [7] J. Bethencourt, D. Boneh, and B. Waters, â€Å"Cryptographic Methods for Storing Ballots on a Voting Machine,† in Proc. of Network and Distributed System Security Symp, 2007. 8] S. Garera and A. Rubin, â€Å"An Independent Audit Framework for Software Dependent Voting Systems,† in Proc. of ACM conf. Computer and Comm. Security, pp. 256-265, 2007. [9] J. Hall, â€Å"Improving the Security, Transparency and Efficiency of California’s 1 Percent Manual Tally Procedures,† in Proc. of Usenix/ Accurate Ele ctronic Voting Technology Workshop, 2008. [10] K. Weldemariam and A. Villafiorita, â€Å"Modeling and Analysis of Procedural Security in (e) Voting: The Trentino’s Approach and Experiences,† in Proc. of Usenix/Accurate Electronic Voting Technology Workshop, 2008. [11] R. Hite, â€Å"All Levels of Government are needed to Address Electronic Voting System Challenges,† Technical report, GAO, 2007. [1] Fig. 8. Flowchart of program IV. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS This work contributed to three very basic research questions arising: in the context of verifiable elections. First, we discussed the problem of keeping ballot secrecy to a certain extent in the case of a corrupted doting machine or voting authority. Our contribution to this is an approach where all secret information is encapsulated in the voting machine. Second, we considered the attack of receipt stealing and manipulation of the corresponding votes. Here we proposed a novel approach of linking all receipts by a hash chain such that each single receipt guards the integrity of all receipts issued previously. Together with a display in the polling place this approach shortens the time window in which an adversary can perform the ballot stealing attack without almost zero risk. Third, we discussed in detail the possibility of contesting an election based on the evidence provided by the verifiable election scheme. We compared the situation for Bingo Voting to the evidence provided by paper based schemes. We shortly sketched an approach to prove an error or a manipulation in the voting booth without violating ballot secrecy. However, this was only a proof of concept and for a practical application the usability of this approach needs to be further improved. V. CONCLUSION As part of these exercises, we devised a testing methodology, developed new tools that are specifically tailored to the security analysis of these systems, and learned a number of lessons, all of which should be of use to other 189 International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, March 2013 [12] M. Gondree, P. Wheeler, and D. D. Figueiredo, â€Å"A Critique of the 2002 FEC VSPT E-Voting Standards,† Technical report, Univ. of California, 2005. [13] R. Mercuri. Voting System Guidelines Comments. [Online]. Available: http:// www. wheresthepaper. org/VVSGComment. pdf, 2005. [Online]. Available: [14] Atmel. http://www. atmel. com/Images/doc2466. pdf Mr. Diponkar Paul is currently working as Assistant Professor in the department of Electrical and Electronic engineering at World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh (www. wub. edu. bd ). After passing his master degree from March 2008 he was serving as Assistant Professor, EEE at Bangladesh University upto July 2010. He is having qualifications: B. Sc. Engg. , DISM (software engineering), M. Sc. Engg. His research interests are in the area of energy conversions, power system modeling and advanced control theories covering the application of IT. From 0ct 2004 to July 2006, he was working as Lecturer in department of computer science and engineering at Pundra University of science technology, Bogra. In Singapore during his master dgree at Nanyang technological university, he was involved in financial service operation integrated to IT system administration jobs from Dec 2006 to February 2008. Mr. Sobuj Kumar Ray was born in 1987, Bogra, Bangladesh. Mr. Ray received his Bachelor degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh in April 2010. He is now Assistant Manager (Technical) in DESCO. Mr. Ray worked at Internal University of Business Agriculture and Technology in the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh (www. iubat. edu) from 12th July 2010 to 1st October, 2012. He is enthusiastic on researcher on control system and Power System. 190 How to cite Electronic Voting Machine, Papers

Here Skyview Inc.Policies and Procedures for Recruitment & Selection

Question: Discuss about the Skyview Inc. Recruitment and Selection Policies and Procedures. Answer: Introduction Skyview Inc. is a fictitious company name that designs and markets the personal computers alongside other mobile communication product services, music and digital players. The corporation also avails hardware and software as well as network peripherals and solutions. Skyview Inc. sells its products all over the globe through its retail stores, online supplies, from end to end by its direct sales force and not forgetting the third party merchants. SkyviewInc. goals and objectives are to see its clients enjoying best quality services with no struggle at all for personal use and business operations (Hsu, Leat, 2000).. Skyview Inc. business operation strategy It is of great importance to note that strategic plan sets up the companys plan and at the same time business plan aid in establishing operational plan. Operational plan is the chief element when it comes to running the whole business of an organization. Indeed, operational plan comprises each department in an organization such as human resources, finance, manufacturing, internet and marketing. At Skyview Company all the sections are designed by the assigning related task in the groups. As described earlier the core divisions of Skyview Inc. that is human resource, finance, marketing and productions are embraced by a well-designed approach. In every sector the functional subsystem and constituent part create a chain of command (Van den Brink, 2010). Operational management is connected with the manufacture division's activities. With regard to this, individuals at Skyview Inc. are assembled together on the base of their proficiency and resources (Gatewood, Feild, Barrick, 2015). This has facilitated the Skyview Inc. to learn from its tasks. The current configuration in Skyview Inc. has look upon these undertakings that moderates the costs and maximizes on the flexibility of its procedures. Legislation and regulations relevant to the policies and procedures for recruitment and selection Recruitment and selection strategy is a statement of codes that outlines the way through which a company is supposed to carry out its recruitment and selection practice. Accordingly the goal of these policies is to ensure that an organization carry out a fair and transparent recruitment and selection process, whereby the best candidate is appointed on merit and best suits with the companys goals, values and beliefs. Consequently a company is supposed to have policies in place so that to be in a better position to explain how it will handle issues in case they arise and also demonstrates that it functions in a fair and dependable path to its entire workforce (Certo, 2015). Moreover, organizations that keep to the policies and procedures ensure the following: Job descriptions are in line with the business needs and requirements; Candidates are evaluated against consistent selection criteria at each stage; The enrolment practice is legal; It enables candidates to become confident and be rest assured that the job offered is a genuine one; All stakeholders can be able to follow the process. Suitability: writing an exact job description is a significant element of the recruitment process. The reason is that it describes the main responsibilities involved and the major competencies that are required in order to implement the role. Therefore a quality recruitment and selection policy calls for writing the job picture so that to give preference to the abilities that makes constructive contribution towards the business goals and objectives. Reliability: A blameless recruitment and selection policy demands that hiring supervisors keep to the pre-determined measures at all points of the staffing process, thus decreasing the jeopardy of prejudice or discrimination (Feldman, 2008). During selection stage, the major selection criteria must have been determined before the post being advertised and openly shown in the advertisement and job requirements. Every applicant should then be assessed in regard to those conditions only. During the interview process applicants, the same assessor must be present at every conversation and proven pre-determined questions asked to each contestant, and also giving applicants equal time to respond. Another point to note is that reference checks must be conducted prior to any appointments being made and it should be conducted in a consistent way. Additionally, it is important to note that treating all individuals dependably does not usually suggest fairness (Breaugh, 2014). In case a contestant is at a disadvantage for any reason there is need to take their personal circumstances into consideration; in order to give an equal chance for them to present their case. Legality According to the privacy and equal opportunity law it is a requirement that the recruitment practice is carried out in a free, fair and apparent way. As a matter of fact a genuine recruitment and selection policy every time spells out to its recruiters in a clear manner. There is no single stage that the recruitment process that discrimination behavior should take place, on the grounds of sexual orientation, an individuals age, religion and marital status. Furthermore, privacy legislature require that an applicants application is treated privately and a penalty applies incase breaches take place. In this regard a good recruitment and selection policy plays a significant role in protecting the companys best interests (Wise, 2007). Credibility It is important to understand that not all work advertisements are sincere. Some of the job advertisements are placed by corporations that would to construct a talent pool or it may just be a way of testing the waters to find out what is outside there (Armstrong, Taylor, 2014). When a business calls for particular application measures to be followed, applicants may feel confident about the positions they are looking for as they become rest assured that these positions exist and their efforts may not be in vain. Transparency In order to have transparent recruitment and selection policy practices at all stages stakeholders must ensure that the recruitment process that is the department leader and human resource are all able to follow the process and confident of the results. Applicants need to be informed about the status of their applications and should be notified if unsuccessful. Likewise, the reasons for the decisions arrived at during the recruitment process must be documented as well as a transparent appeal process outlined in case an applicant is not satisfied with the results. It is of great importance that Skyview Inc. makes good use of its human resource management team when it comes to staffing and selection process. As a human resource executive it is vital to shape up a good correlation with the social sets within the company which they work in through expansion of people. It is an essential requirement to involve local people serving interventions so as to provide occupation guidance and services in order to be in position to learn and know the business plans. By learning this plan the firm will get to know about traditional trainings, lives and wellbeing of workers outside the workstation; similarly it creates a solid association as it aggregate the appreciative and reliance (Windolf, 2016). Significant to note is that no single corporation has ever failed to develop a good team of professionals minus deep-rooted human resources. The primary duty of the human resources management (HRM) squad comprise hiring staffs, keeping fit, performance evaluations, work communication, welfare as well as motivation of staffs(Armstrong, Taylor, 2014). With respect to this persons working any company are titled to perform several vital work undertakings that makes the business appreciate and realize its planned goals. It is thus the obligation of bosses and HR specialists to arrange its workforce in order to successfully achieve the different activities that take place within the business. Accordingly, for the firm to run its undertakings in an organized way it is important to look at employees in the organization as resources and not expenses to the corporation (La Marca, Sunkara, 2013). Seeing individuals as properties is the most essential part of modern human resource. Consequently in order for Skyview Inc. to realize and attain these laws and policies, training its employees is an essential requirement. Training of individuals is a process that is in a straight line related to expertise, information and approaches which are essential for any given specific job. This may include teaching of member of staff innovative skills, showing them to unaware ideas, providing them with an opportunity to exercise and get feedback on certain styles of working with people and may also encourage these people to talk over their work with each other. This may be a constant process all through a workforce members service (Townley, 2014). Reason for running a training program Training of employees is of great importance in various ways some of these ways include: It let the employees learn that the organization is serious about what it does, and this will encourage the employees to become serious about their service delivery too. It reduces the employees needs by asking other staff for advice, and through this interaction it raises their objectivity and decrease the drain on new workforce fellows. The program significantly lowers the chances that may make faults which may charge the company in prestige, credibility, public relations or even money. Through training of a companys employees it is of numerous benefits and some of these benefits are It helps staff members to become continually competent at what they do. Training helps employees by keeping them from becoming bored and stale and this help them in maintain interest in and enthusiasm for their work. It keeps the organization as a whole dynamically and provides the employees more reason of staying at the organization. Training is something that happen while at work, with regards to this there are various methods of training employees that are very efficient and effective, these are: On-the-job training This kind of job allows employees to learn through actual performance of specific tasks. The employee will have to perform the job and through that will be learning as they goes. This kind of job may be structured by use of hands on application by the support of classroom instructions or may also be unstructured by making use of only hands-on instructions (Palinkas, Horwitz, Green, Wisdom, Duan, Hoagwood, 2015). Consequently, this type of training has got an advantage since there is immediate feedback on performance. On the other hand it may be of disadvantage to the company since it may slow down production for the trainer and also disrupt the workflow. Job Rotation This type of training teaches workers on how to carry out various jobs with time. The employees will have to revolve around on dissimilar jobs inside the company, carrying out a number of tasks that are unrelated from the original job (De Mel, McKenzie, Woodruff, 2014). Job rotation has various benefits like reduction of boredom among employees, increased skills, create new opportunities to employees. However, it has its own flaws such as employees may not be satisfied with the new rotation, the morale of employees may decrease if they are moved for a long period of time and to some point may also disrupt the workflow since employees get to learn new tasks (Townley, 2014). Job Mentoring It entails providing workers with a knowledgeable coach to oversee the employees learning experience. The coach plays the role of providing advice, instructions and not performing the job together with the employee as in on-the-job training (Gatewood, Feild, Barrick, 2015). Here the trainee employee will have to learn the job as firsthand and only consult the mentor at any given time for assistance. This type of training is advantageous in that it encourages one-on-one training, the mentor is there to offer advice and the mentee will have to experience growth within the company. The company will therefore have to apply the job mentoring training as it allows the employee to work by their own and consult where things are not that clear(Townley, 2014). With regard to this an employee will have to gain more courage and tackle any challenge with a lot of courage. Consequently these training theories offer an opportunity for the trainees to practice and at the end gain useful results that not only benefit them as individuals but also the organization; since the organization becomes in a better position to provide best quality services to its clients thus it maximizes its returns which is the main reason as to the existence of the business (McKenzie, Woodruff, 2013). Significance of effective recruitment and selection Employing the right person is important, thus an effective recruitment and selection process minimizes employee turnover in an organization. Therefore, Skyview should strive to ensure that these processes match up the right individuals with the right job skills. The company should thus carry out interviews and background checks as a way to make sure that it employ applicants that are reliable and carries out the business objectives by providing best quality services to consumers. As a result of constantly changing business environment, Skyview Inc. needs to hire individuals who are dependable, confident, knowledgeable, adaptable and loyal that build a base for success (Berman, Bowman,West, Van Wart, 2015). Retention- indeed improper recruitment and selection process may result to high turnover among employees. When a recruiter is not careful during the time of analyzing applicants resumes and conducting interviews they may hire workers with a weak work ethos. Recruiters must pay close attention to the lengths of time at the previous work station by carefully checking the references. Cost- the key reason for companies conducting effective recruitment and selection is cost (Jehanzeb, Rasheed, Rasheed, 2013). Poor recruitment practices can make a company to incur huge financial losses. If an applicants competency is not properly assessed, they can end up making mistakes which can become a hindrance to the companys productivity (Foroughi, Monfort, Paczynski, McKnight, Greenwood, 2016). If the employee is to be retained or replaced the firm could take a lot of time and resources that could otherwise be invested. Loyalty and productivity-loyalty and productivity are interconnected. Workers who are dedicated to the corporation always work hard to assist the business to succeed. It is thus important that the recruiting team bear this in mind during selection time by asking applicants questions that offer information about their strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, interviewers must inquire about contestants greatest successes all along in their career. By and large, loyal employees track their record by striving for quality, this result to a more competitive, innovative and profitable business Johnston, Marshall, 2016). References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Berman, E. M., Bowman, J. S., West, J. P., Van Wart, M. R. (2015). Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage Publications. Breaugh, J. (2014, July). Employee recruitment. In Meeting the Challenge of Human Resource Management: A Communication Perspective (p. 29). Routledge. Certo, S. (2015). Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. De Mel, S., McKenzie, D., Woodruff, C. (2014). Business training and female enterprise start-up, growth, and dynamics: Experimental evidence from Sri Lanka. Journal of Development Economics, 106, 199-210. Feldman, D. C. (2008). Managing careers in organizations. Scott Foresman Company. Foroughi, C. K., Monfort, S. S., Paczynski, M., McKnight, P. E., Greenwood, P. M. (2016). Gatewood, R., Feild, H. S., Barrick, M. (2015). Human resource selection. Nelson Education. Hsu, Y. R., Leat, M. (2000). A study of HRM and recruitment and selection policies and practices in Taiwan. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(2), 413-435. Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, A., Rasheed, M. F. (2013). Organizational commitment and turnover intentions: Impact of employee's training in private sector of saudi arabia. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(8), 79. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. (2016). Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. La Marca, A., Sunkara, S. K. (2013). Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: from theory to practice. Human reproduction update, dmt037. McKenzie, D., Woodruff, C. (2013). What are we learning from business training and entrepreneurship evaluations around the developing world?. The World Bank Research Observer, lkt007. Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544. Placebo effects in cognitive training. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201601243. Townley, B. (2014). Selection and appraisal: reconstituting. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), 92. Van den Brink, M. (2010). Behind the scenes of science: Gender practices in the recruitment and selection of professors in the Netherlands. Amsterdam University Press. Wise, A. E. (2007). Effective Teacher Selection: From Recruitment to Retention--Case Studies. A Rand Note. Windolf, P. (2016). Recruitment, selection, and internal labour markets in Britain and Germany. Organization Studies, 7(3), 235-254.

Airport Noise and Pollution Can Effect Your Health

Airport Noise and Pollution Can Effect Your Health Researchers have known for years that exposure to excessively loud noise can cause changes in blood pressure as well as changes in sleep and digestive patterns, all signs of stress on the human body. The very word â€Å"noise† itself derives from the Latin word â€Å"noxia,† which means injury or hurt. Airport Noise and Pollution Increase Risk for Illness On a 1997 questionnaire distributed to two groups (one living near a major airport, and the other in a quiet neighborhood), two-thirds of those living near the airport indicated they were bothered by aircraft noise, and most said that it interfered with their daily activities. The same two-thirds complained more than the other group of sleep difficulties, and also perceived themselves as being in poorer health. Perhaps even more alarming, the European Commission, which governs the European Union (E.U.), considers living near an airport to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke, as increased blood pressure from noise pollution can trigger these more serious maladies. The E.U. estimates that 20% of Europe’s population (about 80 million people) are exposed to airport noise levels it considers unhealthy and unacceptable. Airport Noise Affects Children Airport noise can also have negative effects on children’s health and development. A 1980 study examining the impact of airport noise on children’s health found higher blood pressure in kids living near Los Angeles’ LAX airport than in those living farther away. A 1995 German study found a link between chronic noise exposure at Munich’s International Airport and elevated nervous system activity and cardiovascular levels in children living nearby. A 2005 study published in the prestigious British medical journal, The Lancet, found that kids living near airports in Britain, Holland, and Spain lagged behind their classmates in reading by two months for every five-decibel increase above average noise levels in their surroundings. The study also associated aircraft noise with lowered reading comprehension, even after socio-economic differences were considered. Citizen Groups Concerned About Effects of Airport Noise and Pollution Living near an airport also means facing significant exposure to air pollution. Jack Saporito of the U.S. Citizens Aviation Watch Association (CAW), a coalition of concerned municipalities and advocacy groups, cites several studies linking pollutants common around airports (such as diesel exhaust, carbon monoxide and leaked chemicals) to cancer, asthma, liver damage, lung disease, lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and even depression. A recent study pinpointed ground taxiing by planes at busy airports as the source of large amounts of carbon monoxide, which in turn appears to increase the prevalence of asthma within 10 kilometers of the airport. CAW is lobbying for the clean up of jet engine exhaust as well as the scrapping or modification of airport expansion plans across the country. Another group working on this issue is Chicago’s Alliance of Residents Concerning O’Hare, which lobbies and conducts extensive public education campaigns in an effort to cut noise and pollution and rein in expansion plans at the world’s busiest airport. According to the group, five million area residents may be suffering adverse health effects as a result of O’Hare, only one of four major airports in the region.

Abbas Ibn Firnas Biography

Abbas Ibn Firnas Biography Ibn Firnas was born during the rise and development of Islam in the Middle East. He was a member of the Berber community that was ruled by the Umayyad Caliphate. â€Å"The exact date of his birth is not clear, but he lived from 810 to 887 A.D†.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Abbas Ibn Firnas Biography specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since his childhood, Ibn Firnas keenly observed his surroundings. After the death Abd al-Rahman, Armen Firman became the new caliph in 852 and was interested in promoting inventions. He attempted to fly using a makeshift cloak, but he accidentally fell down. His invention became the initial parachute in the Middle East. Ibn Firnas witnessed this experiment and got interested in performing a similar test. Ibn Firnas created a workshop in which he performed various experiments. Thus, â€Å"he attempted to make transparent glassware items using various materials, which he assemble d from his surroundings†. He created a water timepiece, which was dubbed â€Å"Al-Maqata†. In the field of astronomy, Ibn Firnas created various instruments that he applied in studying the sky. Ibn Firnas was also interested in writing poems and songs. Besides, he made remarkable efforts in making ornaments by shaping rocks into various designs. A part from the aforementioned inventions, Ibn Firnas created a glider and attempted to fly. His flight was good, but he made a dangerous landing. Unfortunately, he sustained a serious back injury that almost crippled him. His critiques contended that he hurt himself because he did not carry out proper research. After this accident, â€Å"Ibn Firnas never attempted to fly again and died after about twelve years†.Advertising Looking for report on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Benson, A. (2009). Great Lives from History: Inventors In ventions Set. New York: Sage. Morgan, M. (2008). Lost History: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers, and Artists. New York: National Geographic. Salim, T., Woodcock, E. (2006). 1001 Inventions: Muslim Heritage in Our World. Manchester: Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation.

Christian and Islamic art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christian and Islamic art - Essay Example Though the traditions that make up the techniques and philosophy of Islamic artworks are derived from Islamic ideas, works categorised as Islamic art are not necessarily religious in their use or significance; it is often the case that the themes of these works are entirely secular in nature. CHRISTIAN ART is art that spans many segments of Christianity. For each religious sect, art mediums, style, and representations change; however, the unifying theme is ultimately the representation of the life and times of Jesus Christ and in some cases the Old Testament. Much of the art surviving from Europe after the fall of the Roman empire is Christian art. The religious hierarchy of the Catholic Church funded and supported production of sacred art. As a stable Western European society emerged during the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church led the way in terms of art, using its resources to commission paintings and sculptures. Christian art is found in architecture, principally in the form of churches, cathedrals, monasteries, tombs and manuscripts. Over the centuries, Christian art has had three primary purposes: Depicting the actual events of the Bible, depicting the events of the Christian life or communicating the message of Scripture in a visual form. Today’s Christian art is denoted by a combination of Biblical events and Scriptural truth. Traditional Christian art mediums include architecture, iconography, sculpture, wood carving, manuscript miniature, stained glass and oil on canvas. the Quran, or the Muslim holy book, which is written in Arabic. Another important characteristic is the covering of surfaces with patterns composed of geometric or vegetal elements. Figural imagery is also used widely in manuscript illustrations, though not in a religious context. Robert Irwin says optics, perspective, colour and geometry shed light on Islamic art, so also did astronomy and astrology. In most manuscript

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) Essay - 1

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective (EXAM PREPARATION) - Essay Example Successful production in any company needs proper coordination and control of activities Leaders in a country or companies have significant roles in improving the financial condition of the company as well as that of the country at large. However, leaders in different countries employ different management styles as well as leadership styles in order to boost the economy of the state. For instance, the northern European countries have industry coordination of their market economies. The leader’s primary concern in this scenario, leaders focus much on technology transfer, industrial relations and initial training of employees (Lee, McCann and Messenger, 2007). In these countries, it takes place through industry section other than individual firms. The leaders ensure that they have adequate as well as skillful personnel to carry effectively out the task. In addition, the leaders also ensure that that they operate within modern technology in order to produce quality work to meet c ustomer’s expectations. However, the country like Japan, leaders practices group coordination of their market economies. Their primary concern is on company coordination that usually takes place within a cross industry grouping of large firms. In this category, the groupings entail firms from each major industry with little market product difference between the companies in any group. In this case, small businesses have close relations with large enterprises thus learning some few things from the large firms. various countries are employing different management techniques so as to improve their daily operations. For instance, in the year 2002, china’s transportation industry had to motivate their employees in order to improve their production. The management of the country ensures that it provides training to its staff to update their skills. The was employment of the same thing in Korea in the

Compensation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Compensation - Coursework Example This discourse delves into analyzing these problems in addition, recommends solutions that the management needs take to sort out the problem. It is crucial for the management because the modern economic environment poses additional problems that would make the situation complex. Several questions concerning compensation of employees at the workplace generate complex answers. Among them, who handles employee compensation, what it entails, as well as why it is necessary for employers to carry it out (Mizell, 2010). This discourse delves into explaining the definition of employee compensation, its elements, ways through which institutions comprehend the needs of users, and reasons explaining the need for compensation. Mainly, the paper deals with ethical and legal issues pertaining to compensation a person while discharging his or her duties. The biggest question surrounds appropriate issues to consider while undertaking employee compensation. Is it legal and ethical for organizations to remunerate employees while they discharge their duties? What components should the institutions consider while setting standards of remuneration? What aspects of compensation are acceptable both ethically and legally? In the process, various theories assess whether the employe es have any privacy over what they earn at while at work. Many issues exist to support the privacy of employees terms while at work. However, opposing stands on organizations granting rights to employees are equally strong. The development of technology leads to the need to create new rules with the best example being the U.S postal system. The type of employer also carries the potential to determine the protection extended to employees. While legal issues relating to employee compensation come under extreme assessment, the same issue raises many ethical questions that the discourse will address in detail. To keep an efficient and safe work

The Issue Of Eve Teasing Sociology Essay

The Issue Of Eve Teasing Sociology Essay Eve teasing is a very common social problem and everyday women come across some form of eve teasing. In this case, do you think that women should be empowered to fight back to end this evil act Explain and Illustrate Aai shundori, ekta gaan shuney jao na, said one of the boys. Ekdin toh amar shathey jetei hobey, said another. Terrified, fourteen year old Lima kept her head lowered and quickened her pace as she walked to school. That group of notorious boys heckling her again as they have been for the past few weeks. Three months ago one of the girls in her school committed suicide. When she heard the news, Lima couldnt figure out why another young girl like her would take her own life. That was until all this daily harassment started. She thought to herself, So this is what Shathi must have felt like, this humiliation, this embarrassment, this is why she killed herself . . . so this is the terrible Eve Teasing. Eve teasing is a euphemism used for public sexual harassment, street harassment or molestation of women by men. It is a growing social problem considered to be related to delinquency in youth. This is a form of sexual aggression that ranges in severity from sexually suggestive remarks, brushing in public places, catcalls, to outright groping. Sometimes it is referred to with a coy suggestion of innocent fun, making it appear harmless with no resulting liability on the part of the performer. Eve teasing, as heinous as it is, is thus also a difficult crime to prove. In my opinion, eve teasing is a very serious moral and social crime carried out by ruffians in the most degrading manner and it is not so much an act of masculinity but rather of low-life cowardice. The general socioeconomic status in Bangladesh is much lower compared to neighboring countries such as India and Sri Lanka. For the average girl in Bangladesh, one of her most prized possessions is her dignity. Following the culture and traditions also have the girls dress up in a conservative manner so as not to incite uncalled attention from the males. Historically, the upbringing of girls in Bangladesh differs in many ways from the boys. That is one of the reasons why the psychological impact and consequences of eve teasing are so devastating to the victim and her family. Eve teasing is now a social pandemic in Bangladesh. Based on empirical study (2008), the Hunger Project has identified some impacts of eve teasing in the society of rural Bangladesh. These are: a) Curtailed education: Sexual harassment increases girls drop-out rate from school. Parents concerned about their daughters honor or safety sometimes keep their daughters home and/or marry them off at an early age. b) Early marriage: Girls who are teased or harassed are also pushed into marriage, before they are physically or mentally prepared. This also leads to increase of maternal and infant deaths. c) Hindered development: Eve teasing contributes to maintaining the low status of women. It also hinders women in participating in the formal employment sector. As nearly half of the population of the country are women, for the economic development of the country their participation in employment is a must. d) Eve teasing leads to young womans suicide in Bangladesh. Some young women, unable to bear the repeated insults, have even gone so far as to commit suicide. According to the Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association (BNWLA), almost 90% of girls aged between 10 and 18 years are victims of public sexual harassment. According to the Ain-O-Shalish Kendra (ASK) human rights organization, atleast fourteen girls and women have taken their own lives between March and June 2010 across Bangladesh as a direct result of eve teasing. It has not only been suicides, but, even parents of the victims and protestors against eve teasers have been assaulted and killed by the perpetrators. From January to November 2010, twenty six females and one father of a bullied girl committed suicide, and ten men and two women were murdered after protesting against eve teasing / sexual harassment, according to a Bangladeshi rights group. The High Court on November 02nd 2010 expressed grave concern in stalking, tragic suicides of victims, and associated revenge killings. Since then, mobile courts in Bangladesh have been empowered to prosecute people accused of sexually harassing women or eve teasing. Anyone convicted of sexual harassment or stalking of women will face a year in jail or a fine of about BDT 5000 or both. The Ministry of Children and Women Affairs have linked up with mobile phone service providers in Bangladesh and taken the initiative to send mass text messages urging people to be more vocal against eve teasing. Undercover police have been stationed in playgrounds to prevent young males from molesting female pupils. UNICEF has also joined in the fight against the growing social peril of eve teasing in Bangladesh. UNICEF and its partners also are working to create awareness by establishing and supporting local adolescent groups called Kishori Clubs. The clubs allow girls and boys to learn to socialize in positive ways and they participate in activities that empower them to become agents of change. There are also laws that essentially make Eve teasing a punishable crime. For example: Section 10 of Women and Children Repression and Prevention Act provides for punishment of rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years and a fine if a person with a view to illegally satisfy his sexual lust by any of his organ touches genital organ or any part of the body of a woman or violates her modesty. Section 9A of the same Act states that if a woman commits suicide because of violation of her modesty by willing acts of any person without her consent or against her will, such person for the offence of instigating her to commit suicide will be punishable with rigorous punishment for a term not exceeding 10 years Section 354 of Bangladesh Penal Code provides for a punishment of up to two years and a fine for any person who assaults or uses criminal force to any woman intending to outrage her modesty or knowing it is likely that said act would. Alike Bangladesh, eve teasing has also been a nuisance in India. The Government of India took some admirable steps to deal with the problem. They took effective remedial measures both judicial and law enforcement wise. The police were asked to be on the alert to round up Eve teasers. The deployment of plain clothed female police officers for the purpose was particularly effective. In addition to this were Womens help-lines, Women police stations and also, special anti-eve teasing cells by the police were set up in various cities. In some cities where the problem was particularly serious like Tamil Nadu, eve teasing was made a non-bail able offence. I believe that if the Government of Bangladesh also applies such measures, eve teasing will be further controlled to some extent. While the above are some encouraging examples of initiatives undertaken to combat eve teasing, I think that another crucial element that would help this cause is women being empowered as means to fight back. The roles that men and women play in society are not biologically determined they are socially determined, changing and changeable. Although they may be justified as being required by culture or religion, these roles vary widely by locality and change over time. UNFPA has found that applying culturally sensitive approaches can be the key to advancing womens rights while respecting different forms of social organization. Womens empowerment is vital to sustainable development and the realization of human rights for all. Empowerment means giving legal and moral power to an individual in all spheres of life social, economic, political, psychological, religious and spiritual, which are essential for the survival and over all development of the mankind. Empowerment expresses the bold idea that all people have claims to social arrangement that protect them from the worst abuses and deprivations and secure the freedom for a life of dignity. The process of empowerment helps shift the priority to the most deprived and excluded, especially to deprivations because of discrimination. Womens empowerment could be considered as a process in which women gain greater share of control over resources, material, human and intellectual like knowledge, information, ideas and financial resources like money. Women should also be given control over decision making in the home, community and the society. They should be able to break free of the mould set by patriarchal norms. According to Labour Force Survey 2000 of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the total estimated civilian labour forces of the country is 60.3 million and among them 37.81% are female.  These days women are increasingly entering into job market mainly in ready-made garments and allied sector, tea gardens, NGOs, health care services, food processing industry, export processing zones, services sectors and commercial enterprises and informal sector such as construction, agriculture etc. One of the major areas where women have found employment has been the garment sector. This industry employs around 10 million people directly or indirectly, of which ninety percent are women workers.   In Bangladesh, women are also involved with politics. The prime minister, foreign minister, home minister, agriculture minister, deputy leader of the House and the leader of the opposition are female. Yet, according to a survey, every five minutes a woman is sexually harassed. Every two minutes one woman is molested. Eve teasing is something that a woman has to contend with everyday. But, we can make it better for our women by resolving the following problems of the different Empowerment types: Social Empowerment: Social empowerment includes equality of treatment, equality of respect, equality of opportunity, equality of recognition and above all equality of status. The indicators of social empowerment of women include the base of gender inequality, sex ratios, life expectancy rates and fertility rates which shows the general status of women in terms of literacy, economic growth, availability of health care and birth control facilities, educational status of women, age at marriage, literacy rates and participation of women outside the home. Economic Empowerment: In nearly every country, women work longer hours than men, but are usually paid less and are more likely to live in poverty. Poor women do more unpaid work, work longer hours and may accept degrading working conditions during times of crisis, just to ensure that their families survive. In subsistence economies, women spend much of the day performing tasks to maintain the household, such as carrying water and collecting fuel wood. In many countries women are also responsible for agricultural production and selling. Often they take on paid work or entrepreneurial enterprises as well. Unpaid domestic work from food preparation to care giving directly affects the health and overall well being and quality of life of children and other household members. Yet womens voices and lived experiences whether as workers (paid and unpaid), citizens, or consumers are still largely missing from debates on finance and development. Educational Empowerment: Education is important for everyone, but it is especially significant for girls and women. This is true not only because education is an entry point to other opportunities, but also because the educational achievements of women can have ripple effects within the family and across generations. Investing in girls education is one of the most effective ways to reduce poverty. Girls who have been educated are likely to marry later and to have smaller and healthier families. Educated women can recognize the importance of health care and know how to seek it for themselves and their children. Education helps girls and women to know their rights and to gain confidence to claim them. Political Empowerment: Throughout much of the world, womens equality is undermined by historical imbalances in decision-making power and access to resources, rights, and entitlements for women. Either by law or by custom, women in many countries still lack rights to: Own land and to inherit property Obtain access to credit Attend and stay in school Earn income and move up in their work, free from job discrimination Moreover, women are still widely under-represented in decision-making at all levels, in the household and in the public sphere. Addressing these inequities through laws and public policy is a way of formalizing the goal of gender equality. Legal changes, which most countries have now implemented, are often a necessary step to institute gender equality. But addressing the gaps between what the law proscribes and what actually occurs often requires broad, integrated campaigns, which I believe each of us should take the initiative of. Jawaharlal Nehru had said, To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves. I do agree with that statement. We can help curb eve teasing by empowering our women. Instead of feeling abused by hooligans, misunderstood and shamed by their families, shunned by the society, our women will be better equipped to deal with the situation. Be it with pepper spray cans or other passive approaches, an educated and aware woman can, by herself, fight back the evil act of eve teasing.